GRE阅读备考先从文章结构切入
GRE阅读文章本身存在一定规律套路，这种套路主要就体现在其文章结构上。考生如果能够熟练掌握GRE阅读文章的常见套路，想要提升阅读速度就会变得容易许多。下面小编就和大家分享GRE阅读备考先从文章结构，欢迎阅读!
GRE阅读备考先从文章结构
GRE阅读文章常见结构：自然社会现象类
考点：顾名思义是对某种自然或社会现象进行分析解释。这类文章在一开始就会描述一种“奇怪”的现象，说它奇怪是因为这种现象发生的频率比较低或者在日常生活中不容易见到，又或者是容易被我们忽略的一些现象。文章的展开也是围绕这一现象进行，首先是对这一现象的描述，然后介绍其产生的原因及所造成的影响，从而间接地表达作者的态度或评价。
应对方法：对于这类文章，考生不仅要对描述的现象有所了解，知道其具体在讲什么，更重的是对该现象的成因解释要理解透彻，明确产生这种现象的真正原因才能在作答时快速准确的从文中找到依据。建议大家在平时的练习中养成剖析文章结构的习惯，这样不仅可以大大提高做题的效率，还能举一反三，考生只要稍作归纳，就可以迅速解题，做到事半功倍。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：两个以上观点对比类
考点：观点对比型的GRE阅读通常会在文章一开始就提出两个或两个以上的观点，并在下文中呈现出对比分析的特点。通过对两个或多个观点的分析比较，间接表现出作者的态度和评价，从而判断文章的主旨和基调。在做题过程中要注意观察作者的态度或评价，因为此类型的文章中通常会有关于作者态度的题目。
应对方法：这类文章主要是考察考生对文章整体的把握程度，对文章结构和内容的分析能力，以及对作者态度评价及逻辑的判断。文章通常围绕新观点展开，明白这一点，就要在平时的练习中多家注意，并养成好的做题习惯，这样才能在考试的时候临危不乱，取得满意的成绩。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：先给结论再做证明类
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出一个明确的结论，然后在下文中围绕这一结论进行详细论述，通过摆事实和分析论据的方式来证明结论的正确性或可行性。文章的展开通常会以“总-分”的形式来呈现。
应对方法：这类文章一般在首句都会出现一个主题句，即topic sentence，接着下文围绕这一话题展开讨论，并且在讨论的过程中不断抛出论据来证明该结论的正确性。通过对论据的分析考生可以准确判断作者的态度，对接下来的题目练习做好铺垫。考生在平时练习的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，“养兵千日用兵一时”对提升考生的准确率是非常有效的。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：新旧观点对比分析类
考点：此类型的文章通常会在文章开头给出两个或两个以上关于新观点的主题句，然后在下文中围绕这一观点进行详细论述和对比分析，并且在对比中会着重凸显作者的态度和观点。下面给大家举例说明一下。
应对方法：同样，此类文章在结构上也会呈现出总-分-总结构，第一段抛出观点之后在接下来的段落中进行针对性的分析，最后一段通常是对比分析后得出的结论汇总。所以在平时做GRE阅读的时候一定要养成分析文章套路的习惯，这样在做题的时候就能做到心中有数，下笔有神。
GRE阅读文章常见结构：提出问题设问解答类
考点：问题解答类的文章通常会以问句的形式开始，第一段会提出一个问题或者呈现一个难题，而问题通常是“设问”句。常见的标志词如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等词。紧接着会对这一问题进行解答或作出解释，文章围绕这些问题展开讨论分析，并把作者的观点态度贯穿其中。主要考察考生对文章问题的理解以及对所给答案的分析和判断，要求考生有明确的思路和方向。
应对方法：该类文章的大体结构基本可以总结为“提问-解答-表明立场”，考生在读文章的时候一定要把握好文章的基调和作者的评价，善于分析并把握文章的重点，判断作者最想表达的内容。为接下来的作答做好准备。首先，正如上文介绍的，文章一开始就要找出作者提出的文章要讨论的问题。接着，作者会对此给出解答这个问题的重要信息考生对这些信息要进行明确的标注，方便最后的题目解答。最后根据作者对问题作出的回答判断作者的观点和立场，把握文章的主要内容。
GRE阅读的7个出题点
内容简介：
按考到的可能性由高到低排列：
(1)中心思想必考
(2)增减互动关系必考
(3)对照比较点必考，考异性超过了考同性
(4)唯一特征必考
(5)强烈语气必考
(6)修辞提问考的概率较大，自问自答必考
(7)结构解释选考，但引号表示反义时必考....
GRE阅读理解逻辑练习题
1. Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, previously gave its employees 2.5 paid vacation days after each 700 hours worked. Armtech's new policy is to give its employees 5.0 paid vacation days after each 1,200
hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtech employees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the old policy did. Which of the following is an assumption on which
the argument depends?
(A) Most current Armtech employees approve of the company's new vacation policy.
(B) A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700 hours.
(C) Most Armtech employees were not aware that the company planned to change its vacation policy until after it had already done so.
(D) A significant portion of Armtech employees stay with the company long enough to work for 1,200 hours.
(E) Armtech's new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies of competing temporary employment agencies.
2 The global population of frogs has declined in recent years while the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth has increased. Since the genetic material in
frog eggs is harmed when exposed to ultraviolet radi- ation, and since the eggs themselves are not protected by shells or leathery coverings but are gelatinous, the frog population decline is probably due, at least in part, to the ultraviolet radiation increase. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the argument?
(A) Even in those regions where there has been no significant increase in ultraviolet radiation, only a small proportion of the frog eggs that are laid ever hatch.
(B) In areas where there has been the least decline in frog populations, populations of species of insects that frogs eat have decreased.
(C) The eggs of frog species whose populations are declining tend to have higher concentrations of damaging pesticides than do the eggs of frog species whose populations have not declined.
(D) In many places where turtles, which lay eggs with tough, leathery coverings, share habitats with frogs, turtle populations are also in decline.
(E) Populations of frog species that hide their eggs beneath rocks or under sand have declined considerably less than have populations of frog species that do not cover their eggs.
3 To improve productivity, manufacturing companies have recently begun restructuring work to produce more goods with fewer assembly-line workers, and the companies have laid off many workers as a
consequence. The workers laid off have been those with the least seniority(time on the job), generally
the younger workers.The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The products manufactured by the companies are not undergoing design changes while the manufacturing jobs are being restructured.
(B) When assembly-line workers have made sug- gestions for improvements in manufacturing processes, some suggestions have been implemented, but many have not.
(C) Assembly-line workers now need increased reading and mathematical skills to do their jobs.
(D) Some of the innovations in assembly-line processes and procedures that were made to increase productivity have instead proved to be counterproductive.
(E) The manufacturing companies are increasing the average age of their assembly-line workforce while still seeking to increase production.
4.During the nineteenth century, Britain's urban popu- lation increased as its rural population diminished. A historian theorizes that, rather than industrialization's
being the cause, this change resulted from a series of migrations to urban areas, each occasioned by a depression in the agrarian economy. To test this hypoth-
esis, the historian will compare economic data with population census data. The historian's hypothesis would be most strongly supported if which of the following were found to be
true?
(A) The periods of greatest growth in the industrial economy were associated with a relatively rapid decline in the rural population.
(B) The periods of greatest weakness in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the population as a whole.
(C) Periods when the agrarian economy was compar- atively strong and the industrial economy com- paratively weak were associated with a particu- larly rapid decline in the rural population.
(D) Periods when the agrarian and industrial econo- mies were both strong were associated with particularly rapid growth in the urban popula- tion.
(E) The periods of greatest strength in the agrarian economy were associated with relatively slow growth in the urban population.
5 Politician：Each year, small businesses create more jobs than do large established businesses. Therefore, in order to reduce unemployment in the long term, we should provide incentives for starting small businesses rather than for expanding established large businesses. Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the politician's argument?
(A) In general, people employed by small businesses report higher job satisfaction than do people employed by large businesses.
(B) Among the currently unemployed are many people with sufficient job skills to perform the jobs that small businesses would create.
(C) Providing an effective incentive for starting a business generally costs significantly less than providing an effective incentive for expanding a large business.
(D) A high proportion of small businesses fail within three years of starting because of their owners' inexperience.
(E) The average large business contributes more money to politicians’ campaign funds than the average small business does.
6 In the workplace, influenza is typically spread by infected individuals to others with whom they work in close quarters. A new medication that suppresses the symptoms of influenza therefore will actually increase the number of influenza cases, because this medication will allow people who would otherwise be home in bed to return to work while infected. Which of the following, if true, most seriously chal- lenges the prediction?
(A) Coughing, a symptom of influenza that the new medication suppresses, is a primary mechanism in the spread of this illness.
(B) Some medications that are used to suppress symptoms of influenza are also used by many people to treat symptoms that are caused not by influenza but by other illnesses.
(C) Many workers who now remain at home when infected with influenza do so because the symptoms of influenza prevent them from per-
forming their jobs effectively.
(D) Most adults who are immunized against influ- enza in order to avoid being infected are over 65 years old and retired and thus do not work
outside the home.
(E) Symptoms of an illness are often the body's means of curing itself of the illness, and there-
fore suppression of symptoms can prolong the illness that causes them.
7 Editorial： Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants;after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated by coal-and oil-burning power plants, the most important other sources of energy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harm more serious than the harm their operation has already caused.
(B) Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal-and oil-burning power plants.
(C) The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-and oil-burning power plants has been significant.
(D) The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants.
(E) The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal-and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution generated by these plants.
8 Drug manufacturer: Although our company requires that patients who use our new drug also pur- chase from us nonreusable kits for weekly blood testing, the expense of those kits is an entirely necessary one: weekly blood testing must be done to monitor the drug's potential side effects, which can be very dangerous. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weak- ens the manufacturer's argument?
(A) The expense of purchasing the blood-test kits has not prevented any patients from obtaining them or the drug.
(B) Medical laboratories can perform the blood test- ing at a lower cost to patients or their insurers than the price the manufacturer charges for the kits.
(C) A one-year supply of the drug and the weekly blood-test kits can cost patients or their insurers over $10,000.
(D) Most government and other health insurance programs will not reimburse patients for the full cost of both the drug and the blood-test kits.
(E) Patients who suffer one or more of the danger- ous side effects of the drug can incur heavy expenses for the treatment of those side effects.
9 Virginia and her brother William disagree over when their father was born: Virginia claims it was in 1935 and William claims it was in 1933. The hospital where their father was born has no records for 1933 but has complete records for 1935—records that do not include a birth record for their father. Therefore, he must have been born in 1933. The argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Either Virginia's claim or William's claim is correct.
(B) The records of the hospital where their father was born date back to 1933.
(C) Virginia and William know the day and the month of their father's birth.
(D) There are urgent practical reasons why Virginia and William must know the date of their father's birth.
(E) None of their other relatives knows the year in which Virginia and William's father was born.
10 The town of San Leonardo has recently enacted a law banning smoking in all restaurants within town limits. Since many smokers who normally dine in San Leonardo's restaurants will not want to refrain from smoking during their meals, San Leonardo's restau- rants will undoubtedly lose many patrons and con- siderable income. Which of the following, if true, most helps to strengthen the argument above?
(A) Most residents of San Leonardo who eat in res- taurants are not smokers.
(B) Most smokers who dine in the company of non- smokers are willing to refrain from smoking during their meals.
(C) If the law banning smoking in restaurants had not been enacted, it is likely that a more stringent law banning smoking in all public places in San Leonardo would have been enacted instead.
(D) Prior to the enactment of the law banning smoking in San Leonardo's restaurant, the town had a law that required most restaurants to have nonsmoking sections.
(E) None of the other communities adjacent to San Leonardo, which have restaurants comparable to those of San Leonardo, has enacted and enforces any antismoking legislation.
11. Children whose biological parents both have Tic Syndrome Z (TSZ), which is characterized by the involuntary contraction of certain muscles, are about four times more likely to develop such contractions than are children whose biological parents do not have TSZ, It is likely, therefore, that predisposition to TSZ is an inherited trait. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) Children whose parents have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are under unusual stress at school or at home than if they are not under such stress.
(B) Children whose biological parents do not have TSZ are more likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents with TSZ than if they are raised by their biological parents.
(C) Children whose biological parents have TSZ are as likely to develop TSZ if they are raised by adoptive parents who do not have TSZ as if they are raised by their biological parents.
(D) Children whose biological parents have TSZ and who develop TSZ usually avoid developing a severe form of the syndrome if they seek treatment for TSZ shortly after developing the first signs of it.
(E) Children with TSZ whose biological parents do not have TSZ are less likely to have the syn- drome diagnosed when symptoms first appear than are children with TSZ whose biological parents have TSZ.
12. Playing eighteenth-century music on the instruments of that period provides valuable information about how the music originally sounded. Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be played without being restored, however, and restoring such an instrument destroys all of the information that researchers could obtain from it about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques.
If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true on the basis of them?
(A) Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be used to provide information about the original techniques used in playing such instruments if they have been restored.
(B) Eighteenth-century instruments that have been restored can provide information only about how eighteenth-century music originally sounded
(C) Eighteenth-century instruments are the only source of information about the instrument-making techniques of that period.
(D) An eighteenth-century instrument that has not been restored can provide more information than can one that has been restored.
(E) An eighteenth-century instrument cannot serve as a source of new information about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques once it can be played
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GRE阅读备考先从文章结构切入
