托福写作话题之生态类

3. provide usable wood by industries and create additional jobs for local people---transportation of these woods is expensive and the jobs provided are temporary

TPO 18：佛罗里达榧树减少的解决方案

tablish Torreya in the same location

with the coolest and dampest microclimate---the microclimate is strongly influenced by either global warming or the drained wetlands

Torreya to an entirely different location---Torreya will threaten other rendangered species

erve Torreya in research center---the research center can not ensure a large and genetically-diverse population of the Torreyatrees， which means the trees are not capableof resisting the disease

TPO 20：Let it burn policy 带来的危害

1. damage the trees as well as the vegetation---there appears to be a biggerdiversity for the plants

g negative effects to the wildlife---small animals like the rabbits and hares are more likely to inhabit in the ideal place

harm to the local tourism， negatively contributing to the economy---only if it happens every year would it be a problem for tourism

从上面的考察点结合阅读与听力的内容，我们给考生们总结了生态类话题的考点设置：

从单词的层面上

物种名称词汇( 植物)：plant / cedar / plankton / Terroya tree / wild berry / organism / black locust tree

物种名称词汇(动物)：wildlife / insect / beetle / bear / mussel / hare / rabbit / shellfish

涉及栖息地词汇：habitat / dwell / inhabit / habitat / bottom / wetland

生物链涉及词汇：food chain / plankton eater/ predator / parasite / disease / infestation / infest / pest-resistant / resist / dominate / reproduce / germinate / nutrient

关于物种入侵：wipe out / crowd out / be aggressive / invade / invasion / colonize / compete for

表示物种数量的下降：decline / descend / shrink / extinct / endangered / minimize / devastate / destroy

科学技术层面的单词：genetic modification / genetictechnology / genetically –diverse / geneticallymodified / uniform / gene / pesticide

常出现在综合写作阅读和听力部分的考点

生物减少原因：

Environment： temperature / climate change / global warming

Technology： genetically-modified plants /pest-unresistant / uniform in genes

Invasion： compete for nutrient/ infestation / parasite / predator

生物保护方法：

Environment： temperature / climate change / relocation

Technology： research center

防止生物扩散的方法：

Biological introduction： predator

Human activities： capture (financially beneficial) / chemical control (poison / pesticide)

托福写作商业类话题范文解析

首先公司的目标是什么呢?当然是money了。所以少不了要用上挣钱的各种说法。嗯，只会make money?别着急，咱们看看新闻报道里都会怎么说。

Panhanding used to be so personal， but now， there is cyber-begging： a girl seeks for money to have surgery to be skinny. She only gets 18 bucks. But others have raked in thousands.

这是一则讲述网络乞讨的新闻。一个女孩在网上筹资做瘦身手术，但是只获得了很少的18美金，而其他人已经进账数千元(默默同情一下这个妹纸)。这里的rake in是指大赚一笔的意思。rake的原意是耙子(可自行想象猪八戒的钉耙)。rake in的意思就很好理解了：用耙子把钱都扫进来。是不是很形象?

那既然说到钱了，肯定得说公司从哪儿赚钱对吧?精明的公司肯定有一套自己的生意经和摇钱树。嗯，那摇钱树怎么说?肯定不是shake money tree啊!!咱们英文里自然有对应的说法呢。有一则新闻在报道名人用自己的婚礼赚钱时就提到了这一表达：

Then， there is Starr Jones. She wasn’t even coy about cashing in， selling sponsorships for her big day to Continental Airlines， sationery studios， bridal shops， dry cleaners... Wreched excess costs explain why celebrities try to turn their vows into cash cows.

主持人Starr Jones在结婚时也没忘赚钱，将大喜之日的赞助权卖给了大陆航空、文具公司、婚纱店、干洗店…… (这位姐也是蛮拼的~人生赢家啊)在这段新闻中咱们看到摇钱树的表达是cash cows，比喻财源滚滚如同挤牛奶一般。顺带还有一个cash in也是挣钱的意思。总而言之，这位大姐又是cash in又是cash cows，肯定是个土豪。那土豪怎么形容?有一个说法是deep-pocketed，是形容词表示多金和富有的意思。咱们记的时候就可以记土豪都需要深深的口袋来装多多的钱~~想想也是醉了啊~~鉴于篇幅有限，屌丝君就不把原文放上来了，感兴趣的小伙伴可以自己去查。

学了这么多“赚钱”，可别再说自己只会make money 了啊!!

而正常情况下，不是说公司想赚钱就能赚钱的(又不是中石油!!)。身在市场自然是要面对激烈的竞争。有多激烈呢?就比如说像下面这条一句话新闻：Lightweight computers are going head-to-head with pocket PC. 可以这么想象，竞争双方都头对头了，那肯定说明竞争是异常激烈的。所以go head-to-head是一个很形象的表达。

但是就算是竞争也不可能会一帆风顺，公司总会遇到各种问题，甚至陷入困境之中。最典型的例子之一就是盗版音乐的猖獗对唱片业造成的冲击。

比如说这篇报道：

The threat of new technologies has indeed pushed the recording industry into a tight corner. Case in point： Linkin Park. The brand was the biggest selling act of last year with about 4.8 million fans buying their hit album，Hybrid Theory， but it is estimated the same number got hold of unauthorized copies of the album.

著名的乐队“林肯公园”在销售音乐时也受到了盗版音乐的困扰。从一个侧面反映出新兴科技让传统的唱片业面临了困境。在这里我们学到了一个新的词组：push…into a tight corner，意思是“使….陷入困境中”。我们可以用来形容经营不善或是产业萧条使得公司陷入了困境中。另外这篇报道还买一送一，附送了一个用于举例的表达： case in point，可以同for example进行替换使用哦~~

话又说回来，如果咱们的公司运作良好呢?那肯定是客源不断财源滚滚啊~~说到客户的话，那咱们也不必担心没话说。有一则商业新闻报道了纳帕谷葡萄酒庄的故事：

We spent a lot of time up in Napa Valley， because we love the beauty… but no such luck for Tom Powers， who drives an average of sixty miles each day， from yard to yard， keeping the wine flowing for a client base growing as fast as the vines.

新闻中还用了比较诗意的语言来形容纳帕谷。但是重点是在后面，为了扩大生意，不得不奔波经营自己的客户群，能够使得他们像藤蔓一样繁荣生长。所以这里咱们就可以摘用这个形象的表达 a client base growing as fast as the vines，怎么样，是不是很棒?

学了这么多关于公司经营的短语，难道就没有跃跃欲试的冲动嘛?咱们上真题，看看这些短语表达都是怎么用的吧!

In order for a business to succeed， it must put more money in advertising.

题目说为了一个企业的成功，就必须投入更多的钱在广告上。是关于公司经营的哦~~咱们来看看这些短语都是怎么应用哒~~

Undeniably， advertising is a necessity for a business to promote its product and rake in much profits. Since there are more and more competitors that go head-to-head in this commercialized society， only by investing more money in advertising can a product make a name， and even stand out. I would like to give an example. My aunt started a business of fast food. At first， she believed that the taste was the key to attractmore customers instead of promotion and therefore， did not put much money in advertising.

However， soon she found that the company was suffering from huge losses because customers did not know their brand very well， which pushed her business into a tight corner. Then she decided to add more money to advertise her stores by sending pamphlets and publishing tempting photos and blogs online. Gradually she had a client base growing as fast as vines. Undoubtedly she finally turned this business into cash cows. Now her deep-pocketed brand develops branches and earns more than millions of Yuan each month. Thus， this case has fully illustrated the importance of advertising.

托福写作范文赏析

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only people who earn a lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Many people believe that a large income equals success. I believe, however, that success is more than how much money you make. Some of those measures of success include fame, respect, and knowledge.

Most people assume that famous people are rich people, but that isn’t always true. For example, some day I would like to be a famous researcher. Few scientists are rich by today’s standards. Still I will feel myself to be successful if I am well-known. Additionally, there are many famous humanitarians who are not rich. Mother Theresa was one. Certainly, no one would say she was not successful.

I also believe that being respected by coworkers indicates success. Without that respect, money means little. For example, I once did some work for a top attorney in a law firm. He made a very good salary, but he wasn’t a nice man. No one ever did work for him willingly. He orderd everyone around, and we didn’t respect him. In contrast, however, I had a wonderful band director in high school. He had to take extra jobs just to make enough money to support his family. However, his students had great respect for him and always listened to what he said. As a result, we were a very good band. In my opinion, my band director was more successful than the attorney was.

Finally, I think one of the most important indicators of success is knowledge. Wealthy people don’t know all the answers. For example, in the movie Good Will Hunting, the only person who could solve some complex problems was the janitor. He knew a lot, and decided what he wanted to do with that knowledge rather than just think about money. In my opinion, he was extremely successful.

When we think of history, there are few people that we remember simply because they were rich. Overall, we remember people who did something with their lives - they were influential in politics, or contributed to science or art or religion. If history is the ultimate judge of success, then money surely isn’t everything.

托福写作的高分词汇积累

angle

诽谤，中伤--aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate

赞扬--extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium

颂词，表扬--laud eulogy ode hymn

反对，不赞成--demur deprecate dissent dissident

否认，拒绝，驳斥-- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject

repudiate gainsay

哀悼，后悔，哀叹--deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent

驱逐，出境--deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude

ostracism

居住--dwell abide reside inhabit occupy