雅思阅读主旨题的技巧

针对这种类型的题目，我们主要看三句话：首句，第二句以及后一句。基本上的主旨句都会出现在这三句中。如果我们可以通过这三句中的任何一句选择出段落大意，那么剩下的部分就可以略过不读，以节省时间。为什么我们可以断定这三句很多时候可以概括段落大意呢，这是与西方人的写作习惯密切相关的。他们在写作的时候通常使用inductive和deductive两种方法。Deductive即演绎法，也就是先给出一个观点或者概念，然后再举出例子支持自己的观点，即总分的写作方法。在这种段落中，主旨句则为段落的句。但有时候，文章的句会先对上一段内容进行总结，这种情况下，句就成为了承上启下句，主旨句就变成了段落的第二句。另一种常用的写作逻辑为inductive的写作方法，即先举出例子，后提出总结性的观点。在这种情况下，主题句则通常会出现在段落的后一句。因此当我们阅读段落时，应该首先对首句，第二句和后一句进行重点阅读，争取从这三句中找出段落大意。若这三句无法使我们确认段落大意，我们要再注意例子前的总结概括句，表示下定义的主系表结构句子，用细节帮助我们确定答案。

我们以剑七Test 1，Passage 2为例，在这篇文章中，E段首句“At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change。”Change一词对应i选项中的revision，都是表示改变，剩下的选项没有相关的意思，因此可以通过首句确定段落大意为i. Scientists' call for a revision of policy. F段首句”Fortunately – and unexpectedly- the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted。”unecpectedly对应选项ix中的surprising，not rising对应downward trend,很容易看出答案为ix. A surprising downward trend in demand for water。G段同理，首句“What explains this remarkable turn of events?”即此段要解释这样一种现象的原因，很容易看到ii中的同意转换词explanation。而D段首句“The consequence of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health。”很明显是在总结上一段的段落大意，即承上启下，这时我们可以通过这句来验证上一个段落的大意，并从剩下的内容中去寻找段落大意。B段虽然给出了答案，但我们还是可以来自己分析一下，B段开头给出的都是新时期我们面临的种.种问题，而后一句“Nearly one fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the power of falling water。”为我们指出了这些问题是被如何解决的，即对应Headings中的iii. How a global challenge was met。

因此以后在做list of headings类题目是，一定要仔细看段落的首句，二句以及末句，争取通过这三句话弄清段落大意。

雅思阅读材料：每日五蔬果预防慢性病

你有坚持“每日五蔬果”么?虽然那的确有益健康，但是，你的果蔬选择是否正确呢? Eating your five-a-day? Good for you. But are they the right five-a-day?

专家建议我们丢弃胡萝卜和柑橘，转而购买一些红薯和木瓜。 Researchers say we should ditch carrots and oranges and buy some sweet potatoes and papaya instead.

他们还说，最受大家欢迎的水果、蔬菜并不一定最有益身体健康。 Our favourite fruits and vegetables are not necessarily the best for us, they claim.

与其每天吃那些我们熟悉、喜欢的食物，倒不如丰富我们的口味，储存一些甘蓝菜、蓝莓、红薯、木瓜等果蔬。 Rather than making up our five-a-day with foods we know and like, we should broaden our tastes and stock up on kale and blueberries, as well as sweet potatoes and papaya.

这样一来，我们不仅能品尝到各种口味，还比吃胡萝卜、柑橘等我们喜欢的果蔬能吸收更多营养。 Not only will our palates appreciate the variety, they are better for us than carrots, oranges and other favourites.

研究人员集中研究营养素--植物化合物被认为对人们的眼睛、骨骼、心脏、大脑和免疫系统有益，同时还能有效降低心脏病、癌症和糖尿病的风险。 The researchers focused on phytonutrients - plant compounds believed to boost the health of the eyes, bone, heart, brain and immune system, cutting the risk of heart disease, cancer and diabetes.

专家们还说，虽然胡萝卜富含胡萝卜素--抗流感的维他命A的构成元素之一--红薯中的胡萝卜素含量约是它的两倍。 They say that although carrots are rich in beta-carotene - a building block of flu-fighting vitamin A - sweet potatoes contain nearly twice as much.

同样地，虽然每天早上喝一杯橘子汁并非难事，但食用少量木瓜就能获取15倍乃至更多的隐黄质--另一种维生素A构成元素。 Similarly, while it is easy to start the day with a glass of orange juice, a handful of papaya contains 15 times more beta-cryptoxanthin - another vitamin A building block.

来自美国维他命药片制造商纽崔莱的Keith Randolph博士表示，虽然大家都清楚地知道很多人并没有食用足够的蔬菜和水果，但那些听取建议坚持“每日五果蔬”的人会更健康。 Dr Keith Randolph, of U.S. vitamin pill manufacturer Nutrilite, said that while it was well known that many people do not eat enough fruit and vegetables, even those who ate the recommended five-a-day could do better.

“这一数据更强调了一点：数量固然重要，摄入果蔬的质量和多样性更加重要。 ” 'This data highlights the importance of not only the quantity but the significant impact that quality and variety of the fruits and vegetables can have.'

但是，英国营养基金会的Emma Williams教授表示：“如果没有健康、多样的均衡饮食作为前提，任何食物都不是‘超级食物’。” But Dr Emma Williams, of the British Nutrition Foundation, said: 'No food is a superfood if it is not part of a healthy, varied and balanced diet.'

雅思阅读材料：如何应付一个野蛮女友

Girls are not easy to comprehend or handle.

女生让人琢磨不透，也难以对付。

While mood swings and unpredictable behaviour are common traits of women, there are a handful who add unreasonable difficulty in managing them. If you are in a relationship with one such woman, then you need to hold your ground and learn how to tactfully handle her and the situation.

情绪波动和行为率性已经是女性众所周知的特点，而有些女性简直不可理喻、难以对付。如果你恰好在跟这样的女性交往，那你可得稳住立场，懂得怎样机智地制服她以便控制形势。

1. Don’t compromise

绝不妥协

A difficult girlfriend can jeopardise your relationship and also your sense of self. So as to ensure she doesn’t harm your mental health in any way, you must learn to hold your ground and not over compromise.

野蛮女友不仅不利于你俩的关系，还会危及你的自我意识。为了防止她危害你的心理健康，你必须懂得坚定立场、绝不妥协。

2. Draw boundaries

划清界限

Having well defined boundaries will also help in handling the situation. Have a clear sense of what behaviour is acceptable and what is not. If she oversteps, then it falls on you to get her back on track. You can do this in a gentle yet strict manner; you don’t have to get aggressive or violent.

界限分明也有利于控制形势。你要清楚哪些行为可以接受，哪些则不可以。如果她不规矩，你就有责任帮她恢复常态。你可以温和而严肃地处理此事，这样就不会显得粗暴无礼了。

3. Communicate

沟通交流

Maybe she is behaving difficult because she is insecure or she isn’t happy with something in the relationship. If she doesn’t initiate conversation, you should. Ask her what is wrong and why she is behaving the way she is. Communicating and talking over things can help salvage the situation.

有时候女友表现野蛮或许只是因为她没有安全感，或许是对你俩的关系不甚满意。如果她没提出要谈一谈，那你就有责任这么做。问问她到底怎么了，为什么要这样做。交流谈心有利于解开症结。

4. Patience

耐心

Sometimes, what action cannot achieve, patience can. The key to a successful relationship is patience and you must make it a point to practise some.

有时候，行动倒不如等待。耐心是一段好关系的关键，你必须引以重视并时常践行。

5. Spiritual guiding

精神开悟

Perhaps what you need to get through a difficult relationship is some spiritual intervention. Seek the blessings and guidance of a higher authority and they might just show you the right path.

有时候要对付不良关系就得给她“洗脑”。向长辈寻求开导和指引吧，或许你能茅塞顿开。

6. Seek help

寻求帮助

There is no shame in seeking professional help. Go for couple counseling sessions and work through your problems with the assistance of a professional. This might really help save your relationship and will help her understand how she needs to take it down a notch.

寻求专业帮助没什么好丢脸的。找个婚姻咨询所，通过专业人员的帮助解决你俩的问题。他们或许真能拯救你俩的关系，让你女友懂得怎样放低姿态。

7. Ignore/call it off

视而不见/结束关系

If the situation gets unreasonable and the girlfriend, too demanding, it is best to ignore the whole thing. If that doesn’t work, then it is time to call it off.

如果形势无法控制，而女友又太吹毛求疵，你还是视而不见吧。如果这还不管用，那是时候说再见了。

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