托福阅读：阅读题型和备考攻略

若水1147由分享时间：2020-09-08 17:39:22

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托福阅读：阅读题型和备考攻略

综述：

文章数量：3-5篇

字数：700

要求：快速阅读+精确理解

题目数量：每篇文章12-14题

单题分值：1-4分

文体：说明, 论述, 记叙

速度要求：100 words/min

各类题型特征及解题方法：

1 词汇题

问法：The word/phrase X.X.X is closest in meaning to____

技巧：

(1)首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验

(2)如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理

(3)看原词所在句子前后2句, 找重复对应

(4)如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词

(5)选项中不认识的词不轻易去选

做题顺序：

看单词，看选项，原文验证

注意：

(1)不可能所有单词都认识

(2)注意熟词僻义, 一定看完所有选项,并代回原文验证

2 指代题

问法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to

技巧：

(1)单复数

it找单数名词或名词性词组

they找复数名词或名词性词组

(2)在主从复合句, 并列句中, 后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词(有例外, 要从意义判断)

(3)简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词, 次之制代宾语核心词.

(4)代词所在句子找不到合适的指代, 优先指代前一句主语, 次之指代后一句宾语

(5)一句话中, 相同的代词指代相同

3 直接事实题

问法：According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?

技巧：定位原文, 细读

(1)题干明确定位 (如给出第几段, highlight)

(2) 题干无明确定位

A 找题干中人名, 地名, 物种名, 大写, 斜体, 数字年代, 符号.

B 定位某一段, 再定位某一位置

C 用核心名词定位

4 infer题(需要精确理解)

注意：既然是infer, imply, 就一定不是原文中明确说的

技巧：

(1)时间前后推理

(2)排除法

a 原文直接清楚描述的,排除

b 与原文无关的新内容,排除

(3)不要加入自己的观点

5 举例说明概述题 (例子的作用)

技巧：

(1)重点不是例子本身, 而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象

(2)概述的同义改写就是答案

6 EXCEPT列举题

技巧：重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 (遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说)

定位：核心关键词 such as n1, n2, n3………A, B, and/ or C.

7 插入句子题

逻辑关系, 上下文关系, 是否紧密,是否有跳跃

技巧

(1)待插入的句子中, 代词 this, these their, it, such, he, another 这些通常是上一句]提过的,所以才特指

(2)因果, 转折等过渡词 therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary

(3)递进扩展词 furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally

(4)结构配对词on the one hand…. On the other hand some…others

(5)关键同义词重复出现的名词、副词、形容词

8 句子要点题

问法：which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence

错误选项：

(1) 有新内容, 或有相反内容

(2) 遗漏了原文中重要信息

9 全文总结题

考全文key points的总结 (不只一个key point)

(1)注意段首句, 注意自己归纳总结

(2)关注文章结构,特别是先总后分式

(3)错误选项特征

a 原文没有的新内容, 或在程度, 范围上发生变化

b 与原文相反

c 有原文中的细节 (细节不该是key point)

10 信息归类题

特点：

(1)通常文章采用对比写法

(2)有无用的选项

关键：排除无用选项

托福阅读长难句解析 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films ……

1.In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.

(同位语a supremacy)

17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。

分句1：In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，

分句2：a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century

分句2是分句1的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句1中的the chief instruments of the keyboard group

2.The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more.

最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有800多间房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。

分句1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more

分句2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish

分句1嵌套分句2，分句2用来修饰分句1的主语the largest,分句1内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。

3.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent.

(倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)

虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。

分句1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”

分句2：the film has never been silent

分句3：in the full sense of the word

本句的难点是在分句1内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句3是一个插入语，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句的真正强调的核心是the film has never been silent。

托福阅读长难句解析 The new accessibility of land around the periphery ……

The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

(宾语从句what we now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled

分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

分句1嵌套分句2，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。

本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。

But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

(Of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)

但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question

分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth

分句1嵌套分句2.分句2是Of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。

托福阅读长难句解析：As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting ……

As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.

(同位语从句claims that…)

结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。

分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health

分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore

分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。因此本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康

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