GRE阅读怎样猜测词义

若水1147由分享时间：2020-08-30 21:29:51

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GRE阅读高频词汇整合

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GRE阅读怎样猜测词义呢?快来学习一下吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读怎样猜测词义

GRE文章是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，也不是叙述性文字。这种以论证为特点的文字，及于GRE阅读文章的各个层面：“篇章—段落—句子—单词”。篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后句由表示论证关系的词汇连接，而体现论证的意义的单词最重要。

因此，要真懂得文章，就必须把所有那些表现论证的字、词、句抓出。但是面对浩如烟海的GRE词汇，我们如何才能做到准确的去把握词义，把握文章的主要内容呢?

首先要说的是，在阅读教学的研究当中，语言学家们发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点，我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。

但同时，我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一种单词，那就是专有名词，尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词，难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：What is sedge root? 我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。

假设原文有这样一句话：Sedge root, a woody fiber that can be easily separated into strands, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。通过以上的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到，过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的，毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。

最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义，难道真的是这样么? 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的。例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse.” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star)，它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词，我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义，也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以.

新GRE逻辑阅读

1.A new and more aggressive form of the fungus that caused the Irish potato famine of the nineteenthcentury has recently arisen. However, since this new form of the fungus can be killed by increased application of currently used fungicides, it is unlikely that the fungus will cause widespread food shortages in countries that currently rely on potatoes for sustenance.Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the conclusion in the argument above?

(A) Though potatoes are an important staple crop in many parts of the world, people in most countries rely primarily on wheat or rice for sustenance.

(B) Potato farmers in many countries to which the new form of the fungus has spread cannot afford to increase their spending on fungicides.

(C) The new form of the fungus first began to spread when contaminated potato seeds were inadvertently exported from a major potato-exporting country.

(D) Potato farmers in most countries use several insecticides on their crops in addition to fungicides of the sort that kill the new form of the fungus.

(E) Most governments have funds set aside that can be used to alleviate the effects of large-scale disasters such as severe food shortages and floods.

2.As government agencies, faced with budget difficul- ties, reduce their funding for scientific research, a greater amount of such research is being funded by private foundations. This shift means that research projects likely to produce controversial results will almost certainly comprise a smaller proportion of all funded research projects, since private foundations, concerned about their public image, tend to avoid controversy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Only research that is conducted without concern for the possibility of generating controversy is likely to produce scientifically valid results.

(B) Private foundations that fund scientific research projects usually recognize that controversial results from those projects cannot always be avoided.

(C) Scientists who conduct research projects funded by private foundations are unlikely to allow the concerns of the funding organizations to influ- ence the manner in which they conduct the research.

(D) Many government agencies are more concerned about their public image than are most private foundations.

(E) Government agencies are more willing than are private foundations to fund research projects that are likely to produce controversial results.

3.Juries in criminal trials do not base verdicts on uncor- roborated testimony given by any one witness. Rightly so, because it is usually prudent to be highly skeptical of unsubstantiated claims made by any one person. But then, to be consistent, juries should end an all- too-common practice: convicting defendants on the basis of an uncorroborated full confession. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

(A) Juries often acquit in cases in which a defendant retracts a full confession made before trial.

(B) The process of jury selection is designed to screen out people who have a firm opinion about the defendant's guilt in advance of the trial.

(C) Defendants sometimes make full confessions when they did in fact do what they are accused of doing and have come to believe that the prose- cutor has compelling proof of this.

(D) Highly suggestible people who are accused of wrongdoing sometimes become so unsure of their own recollection of the past that they can come to accept the accusations made against them.

(E) Many people believe that juries should not con- vict defendants who have not made a full con- fession.

4.Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argu-ment above?

(A)Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium absorption.

(B) Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by people who eat spinach on a regularbasis.

(D) Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high concentrations of oxalic acid.

(E) Oxalic acid has little effect on the body's ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.

5.Joyce: Three years ago the traffic commission modified our town's busiest intersection for better visibility, a commendable effort to cut down on traffic accidents there. Gary: Over the past three years there have been more, not fewer, traffic accidents per week at that intersection, so the modification has increased the likelihood of accidents there The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating Gary's argument?

(A) What proportion of the town's drivers involved in accidents that occurred prior to the modification suffered personal injury in their accidents?

(B) How long, on average, had the members of the traffic commission held their offices when the modification was implemented?

(D) What measures have nearby towns taken within the last three years in order to improve visibil- ity at dangerous intersections?

(E) How has the volume of traffic at the town's busiest intersection changed over the last three years?

6. Women make up the majority of the population in the country, and many of the prescriptions written by doctors for tranquilizers are for women patients. The testing of these drugs for efficacy and the calibration of recommended doses, however, was done only on men. Not even the animals used to test toxicity were female. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following as a conclusion?

(A) Some tranquilizers are more appropriately pre- scribed for women than for men.

(B) There have been no reports of negative side effects from prescribed tranquilizers in women

their diagnoses.

(D) The toxicity of drugs to women is less than the toxicity of the same drugs to men.

(E) Whether the recommended dosages of tranquil- izers are optimal for women is not known.

7. Gray wolves have been absent from a large national

park for decades. Park officials wish to reestablish the wolves without jeopardizing any existing species of wildlife there. Since the park contains adequate prey for the wolves and since the wolves avoid close contact with people, reintroducing them would serve the officials' purpose without seriously jeopardizing visitors' safety. Each of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above EXCEPT:

(A) The park is so large that wolves will not need to venture into areas frequented by people.

(B) Rabies is very rare in wolves, and there have been no verified cases of serious human injuries from nonrabid wild wolves since records have been kept.

(C) Ranchers in the region near the park have expressed concern that gray wolves, if reintro- duced, would sometimes prey on their livestock.

(D) Predation by gray wolves on elk in the park is likely to improve the health and viability of the park's elk population as a whole by reducing malnutrition among the elk.

(E) Wolves do not prey on animals of any endangered species that currently inhabit the park.

8. Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces bone mass, lead- ing to fragile bones that break easily. Current treat- ments for osteoporosis such as estrogen or calcitonin help prevent further loss of bone but do not increase bone mass. Since fluoride is known to increase bone mass, administering fluoride to osteoporosis patients would therefore help make their bones less susceptible to breaking. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Most people who suffer from osteoporosis are not aware that administration of fluoride can increase bone mass.

(B) Fluoride is added to drinking water in many locations in order to strengthen the teeth of people who drink the water.

cise and an adequate intake of calcium.

(D) Unlike administration of fluoride, administration of estrogen or calcitonin is known to cause undesirable side effects for many people.

(E) The new bone mass that is added by the admin- istration of fluoride is more brittle and less elastic than normal bone tissue.

9. The closest distance from which an asteroid has been photographed using ground-based radar is 2.2 million miles, the distance from which the asteroid Toutatis was recently photographed. The closest photograph of an asteroid is of Gaspra, which was photographed from a distance of only 10,000 miles. Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statements above?

(A) Toutatis is more likely to collide with the Earththan Gaspra is.

(B) Toutatis, unlike Gaspra, has only recently been discovered.

(D) Ground-based radar photography cannot take photographs of objects much beyond 2.2 million miles from Earth.

(E) The photograph of Gaspra was not taken using ground-based radar.

10. Which of the following most logically completes the argument below? Alone among living species, human beings experience adolescence, a period of accelerated physical growth prior to full maturity.Whether other hominid species, which are now all extinct and are known only through thefossil record, went through adolescence cannot be known, since

(A) the minimum acceleration in physical growth that would indicate adolescence might differ

according to species

(B) the fossil record, though steadily expanding, will always remain incomplete

(D) complete skeletons of extinct hominids are extremely rare

(E) human beings might be the first species to bene- fit from the survival advantages, if any, conferred by adolescence

11. Fossils of the coral Acrocora palmata that date from the last period when glaciers grew and consequently spread from the polar regions are found at ocean depths far greater than those at which A. palmata can now survive. Therefore, although the fossilized A. palmata appears indistinguishable from A. palmata now living, it must have differed in important respects to have been able to live in deep water. The argument depends on the assumption that

(A) no fossils of the coral A. palmata have been found that date from periods when glaciers were not spreading from the polar regions

(B) geological disturbances since the last period during which glaciers spread have caused no major downward shift in the location of A. palmata fossils

(C) A. palmata now live in shallow waters in most of the same geographical regions as those in which deep-lying A. palmata fossils have been found

(D) A. palmata fossils have been found that date from each of the periods during which glaciers are known to have spread from the polar region

(E) A. palmata can live at greater depths where the ocean temperature is colder than they can where the ocean temperature is warmer

12.Conservationists have believed that by concentrating their preservation efforts on habitats rich in an easily surveyed group of species, such as birds, they would thereby be preserving areas rich in overall species diversity. This belief rests on a view that a geographical area rich in one group of species will also be rich in the other groups characteristic of the entire regional climate zone.

Which of the following findings about widely scattered tracts 10 kilometers by 10 kilometers in a temperate climate zone would most seriously challenge the conservationists' assumptions?

(A) The tracts show little damage from human intrusion and from pollution by human activities.

(B) Where a certain group of species, such as birds, is abundant, there is also an abundance of the species, such as insects, on which that group of species feeds, or in the case of plants, of the land and water resources it requires.

(C) The area of one of the tracts is generally large enough to contain a representative sample of the organisms in the region.

(D) There is little overlap between the list of tracts that are rich in species of butterflies and the list of those that are rich in species of birds.

(E) The highest concentration of individuals of rare species is found where the general diversity of species is greatest.

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