美国历届总统简介：第21任总统 切斯特•艾伦•阿瑟

美国历届总统简介：第21任总统 切斯特•艾伦•阿瑟

Chester Alan Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829. He was the 21st President of the United States, becoming President after the assassination of President James A. Garfield. His father was a preacher who had emigrated from Northern Ireland. He graduated from Union College in 1848 and was admitted to the bar. He startedpractising law in New York City before joining the Army to fight in the Civil War.

1829年，切斯特·艾伦·阿瑟出生于佛蒙特州。詹姆斯·A·加菲尔德总统遇刺之后，阿瑟成为了美国第21任总统。他的父亲是一名从北爱尔兰移民的牧师。1848年，阿瑟毕业于联合学院，并获得律师资格。他开始在纽约从事律师行业，之后参加了美国内战。

In 1871, Arthur was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York. He spent the next decade as a pawn in power struggles between different presidents. He was removed from his post by President Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1880, Arthur was nominated to run forthe Vice Presidency. He assumed office as Vice President in March 1881.

1871年，U·S·格兰总总统特任命他为纽约海关税收官，这是一个拥有政治权力的职位。在以后的十年中，他成为了两名总统之间的得益者。海斯上任后将他免职。1880年，阿瑟成为了副总统候选人。1881年三月，他就任美国副总统。

During his brief tenure as Vice President, Arthur stood firmly beside President Garfield in internal struggles within the Republican Party. But when Arthur succeeded to the Presidency, he was eager to prove himself above his party’s political squabbling. In 1883 he passed an act that protected employees against removal for political reasons, as had happened to him in New York.

在他简短的副总统任期内，在共和党内部之间的争斗中，阿瑟始终站在总统安菲尔德那一边。但是当阿瑟继承总统职位后，他急于想证明自己，他是站在党内政治漩涡之上的人物。1883年，他通过了一项法案，这项法案指出，雇员将不会因为政治原因而解雇，在纽约，他就发生过这样的事情。

The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882. Congress suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, later making the restriction permanent. He hadknown since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency that he was suffering from a fatal kidney disease.He left office in 1885 and died a year later at the age of 57.

阿瑟政府建立了第一个联邦移民法。1882年，阿瑟批准了一项措施。国会对华工移民的时间是10年，之后这一限制得以固定。在继任美国总统不久，他得知他患上了致命的肾病。1885年，卸任，并在一年之后去世，享年57岁。