美国历届总统简介：第33任总统 哈里•S•杜鲁门

美国历届总统简介：第33任总统 哈里•S•杜鲁门

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953). Truman was born in Missouri in 1884 and grew up on his family’s farm. He went to France during World War I as a captain. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a wool shop in Kansas City. Truman was the only president who served after 1897 without a college degree. His poor eyesight halted his studies.

哈里·S·杜鲁门是美国第33任总统，任期为1945-1953.1884年，杜鲁门出生于密苏里州，在家里的农场中长大。作为一名军官，一战期间他前往法国参战。回国之后，他与贝丝·华莱士完婚，之后在堪萨斯州开了自己的羊绒店。自1897年以来，杜鲁门是唯一一位没有大学学历的美国总统。他的视力问题让他停止了学业。

Active in the Democratic Party, Truman was elected a judge of the Jackson County Court (an administrative position) in 1922. He became a Senator in 1934. During World War II he headed the Senate war investigatingcommittee, checking into waste and corruption and saved up to $15 billion and thousands of lives. His efforts put him on the cover of ‘Time’ magazine in 1943.

他曾在民主党中活跃一时，1922年，杜鲁门当选为密苏里州杰克逊县的法院法官（这是一个行政职位）。1934年，他成为了参议员。在二战时期，他领导了一个调查委员会，重点调查浪费和腐败，并省去了150亿美金，以及上千条生命。1943年，杜鲁门更因此出现在了《时代周刊》的封面上。

Truman became vice president in 1944. He succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died. He told reporters, "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me." As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history, including the nuclear attacks on Japan, the defense of Berlin against communism, and America’s entry into the Korean War.

1944年，他成为了美国副总统。罗斯福死后，杜鲁门于1945年的4月12日继任总统。杜鲁门曾告诉媒体：“我的感觉就像月亮、星星和所有星球都要坠落到我身上”。作为总统，杜鲁门做出了几个能够改变历史的重大决定，包括向日本投放原子弹、柏林对抗共产主义，以及美国参加朝鲜战争。

In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations and negotiated the alliancethat became NATO. After WWII, he presented to Congress his “Fair Deal” to modernize the USA and introduce greater social welfare. He also oversaw the Marshall Plan, which brought economic recovery in war-torn Western Europe. He decided not to run for a third term. He died in 1972 aged 88.

1945年，杜鲁门见证了联合国宪章的签署，并于联盟协商建立北大西洋公约组织。二战结束后，他向国会递交了他的“公平施政”，这将让美国走向现代化，并实施了许多社会福利。他见证了马希尔计划，这让战后的欧洲经济得以复苏。他决定不参加第三届总统选举。1972年与世长辞，享年88岁。