托福题型详细攻略

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托福各类题型可能是中国大陆考生最为头疼的,今天小编给大家带来了托福题型详细攻略,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下。

托福题型详细攻略

题型一:细节题

(1)特征:According to Paragraph .... A(某专有名词,或含修饰语的名词) ....

(2)方法:先读题目要求,再读对应的自然段,找关键词A进行定位,正确答案来自原文题型

题型二:词汇题

(1)特征:The word A in the passage is closest in meaning to...原文该词灰框

(2)方法:解题时只看题目和选项,不看原文,直接选同义词!如果真的不能确定,再代入原文看是否合适题型

题型三:EXCEPT题

(1)特征:硕大的EXCEPT

(2)方法:先看选项,再读文章,定位方法同“细节题”,定位后看到选项内容,就排除,最后未被排除的就是正确选项

题型四:举例作用题

(1)特征:Why mention ABCDE? 原文该部分灰框

(2)方法:到原文找灰框部分之前的一句话,通常就是正确答案。例:原文:很多水果都对健康有好处。香蕉促进消化,雪梨能够润喉,苹果滋养皮肤。题目:Why mention 香蕉雪梨苹果?答案:为了说明很多水果都对健康有好处

题型五:代词题

(1)特征:The word 某代词 in the passage refers to 原文代词灰框

(2)方法:找到灰框代词之前的一句话里的名词,复数代词找复数名词,单数代词找单数名词,有时也可能对应名词性短语,答案必在代词之前,离得很近。

题型六:插入句子题

(1)特征:原文有黑方块,通常是倒数第二题

(2)方法:先看待插入的句子,找最关键的代词,再读原文,找含有该代词指代对象的句子。找到后,将待插入的句子接在这个句子后边。

题型七:理解句意题

(1)特征:原文句子灰框,题目冗长(不用看!)

(2)方法:只读原文的灰框句子,不读上下文。是理解句意,不是翻译句子也不是同义改写,可以省掉不重要的部分,只要把重点内容说清楚了就行。读句子时“透过现象看本质”,把修饰部分忽略,先看清句子主干。

(3)错误选项:1、省略重点内容;2、与原文意思相反

题型八:总结题

(1)特征:最后一题,2种类型:6选3,或者分类。最好留出时间检查这题2-4分,分值高,别放弃!

(2)方法:做题前再回顾一遍文章,读每一自然段首句,宏观把握文章结构和脉络。

(3)错误选项:A. 绝对错误:文中没有提及; 与原文意思相反B. 相对错误:过于细节

以上就是小编为大家带来的托福八类常考的题型结构及答题方法,希望可以帮助大家更好的了解托福考试,并能获得高分。最后,小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。

托福语法之条件句类型

if从句中的动词用过去完成时,主句中的动词用条件完成时。这种句子所指的时间是过去;所提出的条件是不可能实现的,因为if从句中的动作在过去并未发生。

If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port.

要是我早知道你要来的话,我就会在机场接你了。(但我不知道,所以我也没去。)

If he had tried to leave the country he would have been stopped at the frontier.

要是他当时试图离开这个国家,他就会在边界被阻拦。(但他并未这样做。)

基本形式可能的变化形式

1 可以用could或might而不用would:

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们会把他救活的。(能力)

If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life.

要是我们那时早点找到他的话,我们可能会把他救活的。(可能性)

If our documents had been in order we could have left at once.

要是我们的证明文件都齐备的话,我们那时就能够马上走。(能力或允许)

2 可以用条件完成进行时:

At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car,because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front.If Tom’s boy had not been there I would have been sitting in front.

事故发生的时候,我坐在车子的后座,因为汤姆的小儿子坐在前边他的身旁。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在那里的话,我就会坐在前面了。

3 可以在if从句中用过去完成进行时:

I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadn’t been wearing one I’d have been seriously injured.

我当时系了安全带。要是没有系上的话,我就会受重伤了。

4 可以把类型2和类型3结合起来:

The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed.If I had caught that plane I would be dead now/I would have been killed.

我原想赶乘的那架飞机坠毁了,所有乘客都遇难身亡。要是我赶上了那架飞机,我也就没命了/我就会摔死了。(类型 3)

If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now;I wouldn’t be sweeping the streets.

要是在上学时学习再努力一些,我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里,而

不会是在扫大街了。(但我上学时不努力,因而我现在在扫大街。)

5 had可以位于句首并省略if:

If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.相当于:

Had you obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened.

要是你当时服从了命令,这场灾难就不会发生了。

托福语法:if,even if,whether,unless,but for

even if(=even though即便)

请比较下面两个例句:

You must go tomorrow if you are ready.

如果你准备好了,明天你必须走。

You must go tomorrow even if you aren’t ready.

哪怕你没有准备好,明天你也得走。

whether…or(=if…or是否)

You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not.

无论你明天是否准备好了,你都必须走。

unless+肯定动词(=if+否定动词除非)

Unless you start at once you’ll be late.相当于:

If you don’t start at once you’ll be late.

除非你立即动身,否则你就会迟到。

Unless you had a permit you couldn’t get a job.相当于:

If you hadn’t a permit you couldn’t get a job.

除非你有执照,否则你就找不到工作。

注意下面两个例句间的区别:

(a) Don’t call ′me if you need help.

如果你需要帮助的话,别打电话找我。

(b) Don’t call me unless you need help.

除非你需要帮助否则别打电话找我。

在例句(a)中,即使在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人也不愿意去帮助对方。在例句(b)中,在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人愿意帮助对方,但说话人不愿意对方在不要紧的时候打电话找自己。

unless+he’d/you’d like/prefer等通常可用来代替 if he/you wouldn’t like等:

I’ll ask Tom,unless you’d prefer me to ask/unless you’d rather I asked Bill.

我去问汤姆,除非你宁愿叫我去问比尔。

but for(=if it were not for/if it hadn’t been for不然)

My father pays me fees.But for that I wouldn’t be here.

我父亲给我一笔补贴费。不然我就不会在这里了。

The car broke down. But for that we would have been in time.

汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。

otherwise(=if this doesn’t happen/didn’t happen/hadn’t happened否则)

We must be back before midnight; otherwise we’ll be locked out.

我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。相当于:

If we are not back by midnight we’ll be locked out.

如果我们不在午夜之前赶回去,我们就会被锁在门外。

Her father pays her fees;otherwise she wouldn’t be here.

她的费用是她的父亲付的,否则她就不会在这里。相当于:

If her father didn’t pay her fees she wouldn’t be here.

要是她的父亲不付她的费用,她就不会在这里了。

I used my calculator; otherwise I’d have taken longer.

我用了计算器,不然我花的时间就会更多。相当于:

If I hadn’t used my calculator I’d have taken longer.

要是我没用计算器,我花的时间就会更多。

在日常英语中 or(+else)可以代替 otherwise:

We must be early or(else) we won’t get a seat.

我们必须早去,否则就不会有座位了。

存在强烈的限制或约束的意思时,provided(that)可以代替if。它主要用来表示允许:

You can camp here provided you leave no mess.

你们如果保持整洁的话,可以在这里宿营。

suppose/supposing…?(=what if…?假如)

Suppose the plane is late?相当于:

What if/What will happen if the plane is late?

假如飞机误点的话,将会出现什么情况?

Suppose no one had been there?相当于:

What if no one had been there?

假如没有人去过那里的话,会怎么样?

suppose也可以引出建议:

Suppose you ask him?/Why don’t you ask him?

假如你问一问他呢?/你为什么不问一问他呢?

托福语法之if和in case

in case 后接一般现在时、一般过去时或 should。(参见第节。)它看上去与if的用法相似而且常常和if相混淆,但两者完全不同。

in case引导的从句为主句的动作提供理由:

Some cyclists carry repair outfits in case they have a puncture.

有些骑自行车的人携带修理工具,以备万一车胎被扎破。相当于:

Some cyclists carry repair outfits because they may have/because it is pos- sible they will have a puncture.

有些骑自行车的人携带修理工具,因为他们的车胎可能会被扎破。

I always slept by the phone in case he rang during the night.

我总是睡在电话机旁边,惟恐他夜间打电话来。相当于:

I always slept by the phone because (I knew)he might ring during the night.

我总是睡在电话机旁,因为我知道他可能夜间打电话来。

in case从句可以省掉而不改变主句的含义。然而在条件句中,主句的动作依赖于if从句的动作,如果省掉if从句主句的含义就变了。

请比较以下句子:

(a) Bill: I’ll come tomorrow in case Ann wants me.

比尔:明天我要来,以备安找我。

(b) Tom: I’ll come tomorrow if Ann wants me.

汤姆:如果安找我,我明天就来。

在句子(a)中,安也许要找比尔,也许不找。但比尔无论如何要来。他的行动不取决于安的动作,因此可以把 in case Ann wants me 省掉而不改变主句的含义。

句子(b)是一个条件句,汤姆的到来是以安的要求为条件的。他的动作取决于安的动作。不能省掉 if Ann wants me 而又不改变主句的含义。

in case从句通常位于主句之后而不是之前。

但要注意 in case of+名词等于 if there is a/an+名词:

In case of accident phone 999.相当于:

If there is an accident phone 999.

如果发生事故,请拨电话999。

if从句和 in case从句之间的混淆可能是由此引起的。


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托福题型详细攻略

托福各类题型可能是中国大陆考生最为头疼的,今天小编给大家带来了托福题型详细攻略,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下。托福题型详细攻略题型一:细节题(1)特征:According to Paragraph .... A(某专有名词,或含修饰语的名词) ....(2)方法:先读题目要求,再读对应的自然段,找关键词A进行定位,正确答案来自原文题型题型二:词汇题(1)特征:The word A in the passage is closest in meaning to...原文该词
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